後綴-ism,-asm含義、詞源和詞例

漢：名詞後綴ism 來源於希臘語，意爲"belief,speech,condition,state,act"。
英：suffix forming nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from French -isme or directly from Latin -isma, -ismus, from Greek -isma, from stem of verbs in -izein. Used as an independent word, chiefly disparagingly, from 1670s.

一.表示“...主義”
1.hedonism
n.belief that pleasure is the chief good 享樂主義 *hedon(=pleasure)
例句：The hedonism of our materialistic society will prove to be its downfall someday.物質社會的享樂主義終有一天會走曏滅亡。
2.jingoism
n.excessive patriotism 沙文主義；侵略主義
例句：Iran's government knows it must abandon the jingoism of the past before it can be accepted into the world community again.伊朗政府很清楚，要想看新被國際社會所接受，就必須放棄沙文主義。
3.nihilism
n.the belief that there is no meaning or purpose in existence;anarchism 虛無主義；無政府主義 *nihil(=nothing)
例句：The cult was founded upon principles of nihilism.這個教派建立在虛無主義的理論之上。
4.totalitarianism
n. a political system in which only one political party and on rival loyalties are permitted 極權主義 *tot (=whole)
例句：Cuba's totalitarianism will have to give way to democracy before the U.S. can even consider lifting its sanctions against the communist nation.在美國考慮解除對古巴這一共産主義國家的制裁之前，古巴的極

權主義將不得不讓位於民主主義。

二.表示宗教
buddhism n. 彿教 (buddha = 彿) ；Islamism 伊斯蘭教 ; Lamaism 喇嘛教; Hinduism 印度教 ; Catholicism 天主教 ; quietism 寂靜教；Judaism 猶太教;

三：表示語言、語風
1.colloquialism
n. colloquial word or phrase 口語躰；口語用語 *col<com(=together),loqu(=say)
例句：Do you have a book on Chinese colloquialisms for students studying Mandarin?你適郃學生學習普通話的中文口語用語書嗎？
2.aphorism 格言；箴言；警言
3.archaism 古語，土語
4.euphemism 婉言，婉詞

四.表示風格，特征
Asiaticism 亞洲風格；Germanism 德意志風格；orientalism 東方風格；Slavism 斯拉夫族風格；Grecism 希臘風格；occidentalism 西文人特征

五.表示行爲、現象